C++ Program Using cin and cout

Write a C++ Program to Demonstrate Basic Input and Output Operations Using `cin` and `cout`

In any programming language, input and output operations form the core of interaction between the user and the program. In C++, these are handled using `cin` (for input) and `cout` (for output), which are part of the iostream library. These operators are used to read data from the keyboard and display results on the screen, respectively.

Understanding `cin` and `cout`

• `cin`: Stands for “console input”. It is used to accept input from the standard input device (usually the keyboard).
• `cout`: Stands for “console output”. It is used to display output to the standard output device (usually the screen).

These are used with stream operators:

* `>>` for input (`cin`)

* `<<` for output (`cout`)

C++ Code: Basic Input and Output

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

    string name;

    int age;

    // Output using cout

    cout << "Enter your name: ";

    // Input using cin

    cin >> name;

    cout << "Enter your age: ";

    cin >> age;

    // Display the collected input

    cout << "\nHello, " << name << "! You are " << age << " years old." << endl;

    return 0;

}

Explanation of the Code

1. Header File:

   `#include <iostream>` includes the input/output stream library, which is necessary to use `cin` and `cout`.

2. Namespace:

   `using namespace std;` allows us to avoid writing `std::` before every `cin` or `cout`.

3. Variables:

   `string name` and `int age` are declared to store user inputs.

4. Output Prompt:

   `cout << "Enter your name: ";` prompts the user to enter their name.

5. Input Capture:

   `cin >> name;` reads the input from the user and stores it in the `name` variable.

6. Similarly, `cin >> age;` captures the age.

7. Final Output:

   The final message is displayed using `cout` with multiple `<<` operators, combining strings and variables in one output line.

Output Example

If the user inputs:

Enter your name: Vivek

Enter your age: 30

The program will output:

```

Hello, Vivek! You are 30 years old.

```